The History

The Targaryens are the royal (or ex-royal) house of the Seven Kingdoms, but they weren't always. Hundreds of years ago, they were one of the mighty dragon-riding houses of the Valyrian Freehold.

The Valyrians originate from the the Valyrian Peninsula. Their homeland was full of active volcanos were dragons dwelled. Exactly how the Valyrians tamed the dragons is unknown, but harnessing their power the Valyrians managed to conqueror huge swaths of Essos. This empire was known as the Valyrian Freehold.

Two dozen families helmed the Freehold, among them were the Targaryens. Relatively minor, the Targaryens eventually moved to Dragonstone. From this tiny island, Aegon the Conqueror took over the Seven Kingdoms.

After the Conquest, the Targaryens continued to speak their mother tongue: High Valyrian.

High Valyrian Writing

The people of the Valyrian Freehold did not write used with an alphabet, like in English. Instead, they had a writing system with many, many glyphs.

Glyphs can be read either as a single sound (think “m”), as a full word (think “mother”), or pronounced as that word without accounting for meaning (think “muña”).

Importantly, High Valyrian does not record short vowels (a vs ā).

For example, the most important Targaryen in the books—Daenerys—might spell her name with the glyph for “chase” pronounced DAEN + the glyph for R (this lets the reader know to insert a short vowel!) + the glyph for “dragonfire” (DRACA)RYS.

In HBO’s House of the Dragon we meet several more Targaryens.

Rhaenyra

The only surviving child of King Viserys I and Queen Aemma Arryn, Rhaenyra was proclaimed her father’s heir after her younger brother passed away in infancy.

Rhaenyra attempted to ascend the throne after her father’s passing. Unfortunately for her, so did her
younger half-brother, Aegon. Thus began the Dance of the Dragons.

Rhaenyra’s name is written with the glyph for “meet” RHAEN + the glyph read as R (remember the short ‘y’ is implied!) + the glyph for “woman” (ABR)A.

Daemon

Brother of King Viserys I and husband of Rhaenyra Targaryen, Daemon was known as the Rogue Prince. He spent much of his life away from King’s Landing, as he had a tumultuous relationship with his brother.

Daemon’s name would be written with the glyph for “violet” DAEM.

Valyrians often had violet eyes, a trait not seen in other peoples. For this reason, the word for “violet eye colour” (daemōñe) came to mean authentically Valyrian”. Daemon’s name is a reference to his heritage.

The ending of his name ON can be achieved with several different glyphs as it’s mostly grammatical. Unlike in English, Valyrian words need to have certain endings to work with their grammar.

Because the first part of his name refers to his eyes, it’s likely he would use the “stone” glyph DŌRON.

Alternatively, he would write his name with the glyph for “egg” DRŌMON, “salt” LOPON, “table” QURDON, “earth” TEGON, “mountain” BLĒNON, or “rope” HUBON.

Aegon

Several Targaryen kings had this name. The first was Aegon the Conqueror, progenitor of the dynasty. With his sisters Rhaenys and Visenya, he conquered (most of) the Seven Kingdoms.

The first part of this name comes from the Valyrian word for “iron” āegion. In names it is typically read as AEG.

Much like Daemon’s name, the ending of Aegon’s name can be written several ways.

Because there were several Aegon’s, they often got by-names to distinguish them. Here are the first three.

Aegon the Conquer would be Āegon Ērintys in High Valyrian.

Aegon the Elder is Āegon Uēpir.

Āegon Zaldrīzer-Buqtys means Aegon the Dragonbane.

To learn about the Targaryen names in The Knights of the Seven Kingdoms in this blog.

Viserys

The name Viserys belongs to King Viserys I and King Viserys II, who are both important for the Dance of Dragons.

The name likely comes from High Valyrian visagon, “to manage”.

However, at this stage there is no glyph for that concept. So instead, their name would be spelled V + S + (DRAKA)RYS “dragonfire”.

Baela and Rhaena

Daemon has two daughters, the princess Baela and Rhaena. Unlike most of the Targaryens in the Dance of the Dragons, both of them survived the war.

To write Baela’s name, use the glyph for “help” BAEL + the glyph for “woman” (ABR)A.

To write Rhaena’s name, use the same glyph as Rhaenyra, i.e. RHAEN “meet” + the glyph for “woman” (ABR)A.

Daeron the Daring

The third son of Viserys I and his second wife, Queen Alicent, Daeron is one of many Targaryens with this name!

In fact, he was not the only Daeron running around at the time. He had a distance cousin named Daeron Velaryon, the father of the future Queen Daenaera Velaryon.

Future Daerons in the family tree were named after this other Daeron, not Daeron the Daring.

The name Daeron combines the Valyrian word for “free” DĀER.

Once again, the ending of his name is optional. In this case, I used the glyph for “mountain” (BLĒN)ON. Because I felt like “free mountain” goes better together.

His by-name “the Daring” can be translated as Nēdys, meaning “brave person”.

Laenor and Laena

This brother and sister pair share very similar names.

The glyph representing LAEN has an unknown meaning.

Their names have different grammatical endings. While High Valyrian does not specific gendered endings, some endings are favoured for boys or girls.

LŌGOR, “boat”, is often used for the -or ending.

Meanwhile, Laena’s name used the ending (ABR)A meaning “woman”.

Helaena

The sister and wife of Aegon II, in the show she is a rare Dragon Dreamer. This gives her foresight into the destruction facing her family (and sends her a little mad).

Helaena's name comes from the High Valyrian word for "oleander" helaenor.

At this stage, there is no glyph for oleander, so her name would be spelled H + LAEN + A.

Aemond One-Eye

A key player in the Dance, Aemond lost his eye as a child in a brawl with his nephews. His earned him the moniker: One-Eye.

Becuase Valyrian words do not end with an D, his name is likely a Westerosi form of Aemondor, much like how "Alysanne" is pronounced al-is-an rather than al-ys-an-neh.

This would mean his name combined the Valyrian aemagon "to have" with the word for "power" ondor.

Rhaenys

Last but not least, Rhaenys: the “Queen Who Never Was”.

Her name uses the same glyph as Rhaenyra, namely RHAEN “meet”. This is combined with the glyph for “fire” (PERZ)YS.

Let me know if the comments your favorite Targaryen name!

If you are a fan of the Targaryens, you'll love this printable poster of the Valyrian Freehold.

How to Write Targaryen Names in the Valyrian Language

Brynn Faye ·

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